Bowl liner for gyratory crushers and means for securing it



Feb. 15, 1944.

o. c. GRUENDERY BOWL LINER FOR GYRATORY CRUSHERS AND MEANS FOR SECURINGIT Filed June 27, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet l ill Jiiarneys.

Feb. 15, 1944. o. c. GRUENDER 2,341,543

BOWL LINER FOR GYRATORY CRUSHERS AND MEANS FOR SECURING IT Filed June27, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I; H. E E

L l v fnyeiezw" 0,5047" 67 Grazia/er Feb. 15, 1944. o. c. GRUENDER FORGYRATORY CRUSHERS AND MEANS FOR SECURING IT BOWL LIN Fild June 27, 1941s Sheets-Sheet s Patented Feb. 15,

BOWL LINER FOR GYBATORY CBUSHERS AND MEANS FOR SECURING IT Oscar C.Gruender, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to Nordberg Manufacturing Company,Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application June 27, 1941,Serial No. 400,032

' '24 Claims. (01. 83-10) My invention relates to an improvement inwearing parts for gyratory crushers and has for one purpose theprovision of an improved bowl liner for such a crusher which shall bequick and easy to apply and remove and which shall be self-tightening inuse.

Another purpose is the provision of improved means for securing such abowl liner in position.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved bowl-liner in which partof the locking means are formed integrally with the bowl liner.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved bowl liner of manganesesteel or the like in which the locking means include a portion of thebowl liner adapted to yield or compensate for peening or stretching ofthe body of the bowl liner during-use.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved bowl liner adapted toprevent relative movement of the bowl liner and of the soft metalpacking or backing which is employed with it.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of thespecification and claims.

'1 illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in theaccompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a vertical axial section illustrating one of the improved bowlliners in position;

Fig. 2 is a section on a reduced scale taken on I v the line 2-2 of Fig.1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of one of the bowl liners;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a variant form of my bowl liner; and

Fig. 5 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 3 ofthe variant form of thebowl liner.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specificationand drawings.

My liner is illustrated in connection with a socalled gyratory conecrusher. The crusher itself does not form part of the present inventionand is not indicated in complete detail. I illustrate,

however, a cone or head i, which is mounted upon an upright portion 2,fixed on any suitable crusher base not herein shown. The portion 2 is inthe form of a cylindrical member fixed on the crusher frame.' Rotatablethereabout is an eccentric sleeve 3, which may be rotated by anysuitable means not herein shown. I may employ suitable bearing liners orsleeves 3a and 3b.

The inner wall of the eccentric aperture of the sleeve 3 is in bearingrelationship with the cylindrical exterior surface of the member 2. Theouter surface of the eccentric sleeve 3, which is also cylindrical butinclined to the inner surface, is in bearing relationship with acorresponding inner cylindrical surface of the head I.

The vertical center line of the crusher is indicated at X. The head I isgenerally conic, but has a transversely extending top portion 4, whichcontinues upwardly in a stem 5, herein shown as generally cylindricaL- 8is any suitable removable mantle, the details of which do not form partof the present invention. .1 illustrate it,

however, as having a top screw thread I in mesh with a correspondingthread 8 of any suitable locking sleeve 9, mounted upon the stem 5 andheld against upward movement by a suitable wedge or key i0, which isheld against endwise movement, as by any suitable securing screw ll. 12is any suitable feed distributing plate, which may be mounted on or formpart of. the above described structure.

Y indicates the center line or axis of the head.

It will be observed that the lines X and Y intersect at the point Z. Itwill be understood that,

when the eccentric sleeve 3 is rotated, the head and with it the mantleB are gyrated in such fashion as to exert a crushing action against thebelow described bowl liner.

i4 indicates any suitable packing or backing nate inwardly of a topsupporting face l9 of the wall H, the supporting face I9 being generallyhorizontal. j

20 is a rotatable locking nut, having an inner locking thread 21, and aplurality of upwardly extending lugs 22, whichv may be employed forrotating the locking nut 20 and for thereby tightening the belowdescribed bowl liner 23. It is shown as having an inner face 23a, whichis generally conic and which, with the outer face of the mantle 6,defines a crushing cavity. If desired, the lower portion of the face maybe at a more obtuse angle, as at 24, and is shown as in parallelism withthe opposed face of the mantle 6. That is to say, the opposed faces aregenerally parallel when the mantle 6 is at its closest or crushingapproach to the bowl liner 23. The liner 23 is provided with a lowerconic outer face 25, which is adapted for a metal to metal contact withan opposed face 26 of the wall ll. Above such zone of contact the liner23 is inwardly reduced, as at 21, to give room for a body of soft; metal28 of zinc or the like. Relative rotation of the body of zinc and theliner 23 may be prevented by any suitable means. I illustrate, forexample, a plurality of further recesses or depressions 29, herein shownas four in number. It will be realized thattheir shape and number may bewidely varied, and in fact, under some circumstances, a mere rougheningof the rear face of the liner may be enough. What is important is thatthere shall be some interpenetration of the bowl liner and the zinc,whereby the body of zinc which backs the bowl liner and separates itfrom the opposed face of the wall I! shall be held against movement inrelation to the bowl liner itself.

Preferably integral with the outer face of the bowl liner and hereinshown as at the top of the bowl liner is a thread 30, which preferablyextends about the liner through an angle of arc of the order of 360degrees. It is shown as precisely 360degrees, but it will be understoodthat it may be somewhat more or somewhat less than 360 degrees undersome circumstances.

While a variety of form of thread may be used, I find it advantageous tohave a form of thread with a plane or substantially plane bottom face,as at 3|. That is to say, it is fiat,'although, of course, it conformsto a spiral and may abut snugly against the corresponding fiat upperface 32 of the thread 2| of the locking nut 20. It will be observed thatthe parts are so proportioned that the inner edge of the thread 2| isspaced substantially outwardly from the opposed outer wall of the bowlliner 23. I find it advan tageous to make the bowl liner, like themantle, of manganese steel or its equivalent. One of the characteristicsof manganese'steel is that it peens 'or stretches in the course of thecrushing operation. It is a very hard material, but under the constanthammering or shock of the crushing action it does tend to stretch. Ifind it advantageous to so shape and proportion the thread 30 that itmay give -or flex slightly in order to compensate for the stretching ofthe material of which the bowl liner is made. I illustrate the thread ofthe bowl liner as being a left-hand thread. While I illustrate aleft-hand thread, this is not compulsory and I could employ a right-handthread with equal efiect. The pitch of the thread is so related to thedirection of movement of the head that whatever rotation is given to thehead in the course of the crushin operation is efiective to tighten thebowl liner.

In the application of the bowl liner it is moved upwardly into theposition in which it is shown in Fig. 1, and any suitable means notherein shown may be employed for pouring the zinc backing 28. Thelocking ring is tightened by sledging against the upwardly extendinglugs 22 until the desired adjustment or tightening is obtained.Thereafter relative movement of the locking nut and the bowl vstructureis prevented by positionirg a locking ring III, which has a plurality ofinward notches 4|, to receive the lugs 22, and a plurality of outernotches 42, to receive the ribs l8 of the crushing bowl l5.

Thereafter the hopper or conic feed deflector 45 may be positioned asshown in Fig. 1, and the device is ready for use. It will be observedthat the number of notches ll and 42 substantially exceed the number oflugs 22 and ribs l8, respectively, whereby a latitude of adjustment ispermitted.

with reference to the form of Figs. 4 and 5, I

may under some circumstances find it advisable to employ, instead of thecontinuous thread II. a discontinuous thread 30a, which is provided witha plurality of notches 30b, which divide it into segments, which mayflex independently in the course of compensation for the peening orstretching of the bowl liner.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated apractical and operative device, nevertheless many changes maybe made inthe size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing fromthe spirit of my invention. I therefore wish my description and drawingsto be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, ratherthan as limiting me to my precise showing.

For example, whereas I have shown the thread I as having a flat top, itwill be understood that a wide variety of forms of thread may beemployed, either standard or of specia1 design.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

No material has so far been found to equal manganese steel for thewearing parts of gyratory crushersof the type herein shown. Manganesesteel possesses extreme toughness and wear-resisting characteristics. Ithas the peculiar char acteristic of flowing or deforming under thepounding or impact normal to the crushing operation. It is, therefore, adifi'icult problem to provide means for adequately holding the. bowlliners in position and to provide for their ready removal forreplacement.

Where a locking means at the top of the bowl is provided in directbearing contact with the body of the bowl, the deformation of the bowlin the course of time may create an excess upward thrust against thelocking means sufllcient to bend or distort the threads and finallybreak it.

This is a condition which is not infrequently met in the field.

I find it desirable to interpose between the locking means and the bodyof the bowl liner means eifective to maintain a locking thrust of thebowl liner upwardly against the bowl, but which will not transmit to thelocking means any undesired thrust caused by the deformation or peeningor stretching of the liner in the course of its use on the machine. Inthe present device I find it convenient to make this thrust transmitting means integral with or part of the liner itself, which can becast unitary with the liner. This is a matter of convenience rather thannecessity, and a takeup means of the type herein shown could beinterposed between the top of the bowl liner and the locking nutthereabove.

Referring in detail to the liner herein described and shown, I employ aliner body that is of manganese steel and has adjacent its upp r edge asingle left-hand thread of about 360 degrees of arc. This is not athread formed in the liner, so much as a thread which extends outwardlyfrom the body of the liner. It will be understood that the thread is notcut in the liner and that the liner is not weakened by the thread. Thethread 30 extends laterally outwardly from the body of the liner itselfto a distance sumcient to provide the possibility of flexure of thethread to relieve any undesired thrust against the thread 2| of thelocking nut 20. It will be noted, also, that the inner edge of thethread 2| of the hut does not extend to the outer face of the liner, butis spaced substantially outwardly therefrom.

- I-find it also desirable to have the opposed faces I 2,341,543 atright angles to the axis of the bowl. Under some circumstancesit isadvantageous to permit the individual parts oi the thread to flexindividually, and I obtain this result by interrupting the thread atspaced points, as shown at "b in Fi 5. a

It will be understood that, whereas I have described and shown aleft-hand thread, this is because of the relationship between thedirection of drive or the direction of gyration oi the crushers withwhich the liner is employed. In other words, whatever may be thedirection of rotation of the eccentric sleeve or means which gyrates thehead, the thread of the liner is so pitched as to provide aself-tightening effect. It will be understood that the thread,therefore, not merely cooperates in holding the liner locked inposition, but tends to serve as an automatic tightening takeup meansduring use, and also as a relieving means for compensating or relievingwhatever undesired thrust is caused by the stretching or defamation ofthe liner resulting from the pounding it receives during the crushingoperation.

The deformability of the thread 30 is highly important in connectionwith the automatic locking feature. The bowl liner 23 is free to rotatewithin the bowl. The minute that the peening or stretching releases itin the bowl, it then rotates, and this rotation, due to the pitch of thethread, results in an upward thrust against the thread. If the linerwere not free to rotate, this phenomenon would not occur, butin thecrushing operation tremendous force is exerted on the bowl liner andmantle, tending to rotate these elements, and in the structure hereindescribed and claimed I employ this force a'utomatlcalkv'to tighten thebowl liner and the mantle in place. However, the deformability of thethread 39 of the liner or the thread i of the mantle prevents theexertion of any disadvantageous strain on the locking means employed.

In connection with the deformability of the thread 3t, it is importantthat there be ample clearance between the thread extending outwardlyfrom the bowl and the recess in the nut which receives the thread.-Referring for example to Fig. 1, it is evident that there is asubstantial clearance between the outer end of the thread 30 and theopposed inner face of the nut recess into which it extends. Without suchclearance the device would not operate as above described, and in factwould be practically inoperative, as a snug engagement of the opposedthreads will greatly increase the stresses set up in the threads,resulting in rupture or at least increasing the thread stress to aconsiderable extent. In order to permit the thread to deform, the lowerhorizontal plane of the thread surface must. tilt upward, and clear--ance for such deformation must .be provided. Thus, not only must theradius of the thread be less than the radius of the aperture into whichit penetrates, but the vertical thickness of the thread must be lessthan the space into which it penetrates. This clearance is obtained byproviding a thread which is vertically thinner than the space into whichit extends. This vertical clearance is evident in Fig. 1.

I claim:

i. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means forgyrating the head, aliner for said bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking said liner in relation to said bowl,including an integrally formed thread outwardly extending from an upperportionof the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted on said bowlandhaving a thread in mesh with the thread of said liner, means forrotating saidnut and for thereby exerting compression against the liner,including oneor more sledging lugs extending upwardly from said nut, andmeans for look- 'ing said nut against rotation in relation to said bowl,including a locking ring having apertures adapted to receive saidsledging lug or lugs, and

additional apertures adapted to interpenetrate metal having thecharacteristics of manganese steel, so far as relates to deformation orpeening under impact or pressure, said body having the general form ofan open topped truncated cone, and an integrally formed locking andstress relieving element in the form of a. thread located adjacent thetop of said body and extending laterally therefrom, the lateralextension of said thread from the body being sumcient in relation to thethickness of the thread to permit a fiexure of the thread in response tothe tendency of the body to peen under crushing stress.

3. In a self tightening wearing member for gyratory crushers, a unitaryhollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganese steel, sofar as relates to deformation or peening under impact or pressure, saidbody having the general form of an open topped truncated cone, and anintegrally, formed locking and stress relieving element in the form ofa-thread located adjacent the top of said body and extending laterallytherefrom, the lateral extension of said thread from the body beingsuflicient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peenunder crushing stress, said thread extending through an angle of arc of,the order of 360 degrees only, whereby the entire thread may flex understrain.

4. In a self tightening wearing member for gyratory crushers, a unitaryhollow body of a metal having the characteristicsof manganese steel, sofar as relates to deformation or peening under impact or pressure, saidbody having the v general form of an open topped truncated cone,

and an integrally formed locking and stress relieving element in theform of a thread located adjacent the top of said body and extendinglaterally therefrom, the lateral extension of said thread from the bodybeing sufiicient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peenunder crushing stress, said thread being provided with a plurality ofgenerally radial interruptions whereby it is divided into separatesections adapted forindividual flexure.

5. In a self tightening wearing member for gyratory crushers, a unitaryhollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganese steel, sofar as relates to deformation or peening under impact or pressure, saidbody having the general form of an open topped truncated cone, and anintegrally formed locking and stress relieving element in the form of athread located adjacent the top of said body and extending laterallytherefrom, the lateral extension of said thread from the bodybeingsuificient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peenunder crushing stress, the vertical dimension of said thread at itsjunction with the body being less than the lateral extension of thethread from the body.

6. In a self tightening wearing member for gyratory crushers, a unitaryhollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganese steel, sofar as relates to deformation or peening under impact or pressure, saidbody ,having the general form of an open topped truncated cone, and anintegrally formed locking and stress relieving element in the form of athread located adjacent the top of said body and extending laterallytherefrom, the lateral extension, of said thread from the body beingsuflicient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit afiexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peenunder crushing stress, the vertical dimension of said thread at itsjunction with the body being less than the lateral extension of-thethread from the body, the vertical dimension of said thread decreasingoutwardly from its junction with the body.

7. In a self tightening bowl liner for the bowl of a gyratory crusher, aunitary hollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganesesteel, so far as relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure, said body having the general form of an open topped: truncatedcone and having an interior generally conic crushing face and anexterior generally conic bowl engaging face, the thickness of said bodybeing generally uniform from top to bottom thereof, and an integrallyformed locking and stress relieving element in the form of a threadlocated adjacent the top of said body and extending laterally outward lytherefrom, the lateral extension of said thread outwardly from the bodybeing sufficient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peen ordeform under crushing stress.

8. In a self tightening bowl liner for the bowl'of a gyratory crusher, aunitary hollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganesesteel, so far as relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure, said body having the general form of an open topped truncatedcone and having an interior generally conic crushing face and anexterior generally conic bowl engaging face, the thickness of said bodybeing generally uniform from top to bottom thereof, and an integrallyformed locking and stress relieving ele' ment in the form of a threadlocated adjacent the top of said body and extending laterally outwardlytherefrom, the lateral extension of said thread outwardly from the bodybeing suflicient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peen ordeform under crushing stress, the lower face of said thread beinggenerally horizontal in radial cross section and generally perpendicularto the axis of the mantle.

9. In a self tightening bowl liner for the bowl of a gyratory crusher, aunitary hollow body of a metal having the characteristics of manganesesteel, so faras relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure, said body having the general form of an open topped truncatedcone and having an interior generally conic crushing face and anexterior generally'conic bowl engaging face, the thickness of said bodybeing general- 1y uniform from top to bottom thereof. and an integrallyformed locking and stress relieving element in the form of a threadlocated adjacent the top of said body and extending laterally outwardlytherefrom, the lateral extension of said thread outwardly from the bodybeing sufficient in relation to the thickness of the thread to permit aflexure of the thread in response to the tendency of the body to peen ordeform under crushing stress, the outer face of said body being providedwith offset portions adapted to receive a liner of ductile material andto prevent its rotation in relation to the liner. I

10. In a gyratory crusher and in combination with a downwardly andoutwardly flared crushing bowl, a self tightening bowl liner including aunitary hollow body of metal having the characteristics of manganesesteel, so far as relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure,-

said body being in the form of an open topped truncated cone and havingan'exterior generally conic face adapted to engage the bowl, and aninterior generally conic crushing face, the thickness of said body beinggenerally uniform from top to bottom thereof, and an integrally formedlocking and stress relieving element in the form of a thread locatedadjacent the top of said body and extending laterally outwardlytherefrom, the

- fixed against movement in relation to the bowl,

' the pitch of the thread on the bowl being opposed to the normaldirection of gyration of the crusher head, the liner being free torotate in relation to' the bowl.

11. In a gyratory crusher and "in combination with a downwardly andoutwardly flared crushing bowl, a self tightening bowl liner including aunitary hollow body of metal having the characteristics of manganesesteel, so far as relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure, said body being in the form of an open topped truncated'coneand having an exterior generally conic face adapted to engage the bowl,and an interior generally conic crushing face, the thickness of saidbody being generally uniform from means for normally holding saidlocking member v fixed against movement in relation to the bowl,

the pitch of the thread on the bowl being opposed V to the normaldirection of gyration of the crusher head, the liner being free torotate in relation to the bowl; said locking member including aninwardly threaded annulus mounted for rotary adjustment in relation tothe bowl, and means for normallyholding it against rotation in relationto-the bowl.

12. In a gyratory crusher and in combination with a downwardly andoutwardly flared crushing bowl, a self tightening bowl liner including aunitary hollow body of metal having the 'charac teristics of manganesesteel, so far as relates to deformation or peening under impact orpressure, said bodybeing in the form of an opentoppedtruncatedconeaudhavlugauexterior generally conic face adapted toengage the bowl.

and an'interior generally conic crushing face, the

thickness of said body being generally uniform from top to bottomthereof, and an integrally formed locking and stress relievingelement'in the form of a thread located adjacent the top of said bodyand extending laterally outwardly therefrom, the lateral extension ofsaid thread being sufiicient in relation to the thickness of the threadto permit a flexure' of the thread in response to the tendency of thebody to peen under crushing stress, and locking means on the bowl,including g inward projections adapted to penetrate said notches.

I J 16. In a gyratory crusher having a head and means for gyrating it, abowl structure including an outer generally cylindrical portion and aninner generally conic portion, a liner for the bowl opposed to the innerface of said conic portion and including a generally conic body, andmeans for body being less than the lateral extension of the thread fromthe body.

13. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl anda head, and means forgyrating the head, a liner for the bowl, including a. generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion of the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior of the liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, means for rotating said nut bodily inrelation to said bowl and liner and for thereby exerting compressionagainst the liner, and means for locking said nut against rotation inrelation to said bowl, including a locking element in simultaneousinterpenetrating relationship with both the bowl and the nut, the nuthaving upwardly extending lugs adapted for. interpenetration with saidlocking element.

14. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means forgyrating the head, a liner for the bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion of the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior of the 'liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, means for rotating said nut bodily inrelation tosaid bowl and liner and for thereby exerting compressionagainst the liner, and means for locking said nut against rotation inrelation to said bowl, including an arcuate locking element insimultaneous interpenetrating relationship with both bowl and nut.

15. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means forgyrating the head, a liner for the bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion of the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior of the liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, means for rotating said nut bodily inrelation to said bowl and liner and for thereby exerting compressionagainst the liner, and means for locking said nut against rotation inrelation to said bowl, including an arcuate locking element insimultaneous interpenetrating relationship with both bowl and nut, thearcuate element being exteriorly notched, the bowl being provided withlooking the liner in relation to the bowl, including a thread elementoutwardly extending from an upper portion of the liner, and a lockingnut rotatably mounted upon said bowl and extending about the exterior ofthe liner and having a thread in mesh with the thread of the liner,means for rotating said nut bodily in relation to bowl and liner and forthereby exerting compression against the liner, means for locking thenut against undesired rotation in relationto the bowl, and a unitaryhopper structure mounted upon and upwardly removable from the bowl andliner, said 'hopp'er structure being adapted to serve as a cover platefor the space between the upper edge of the liner and the outercylindrical member of the bowl. I

17. In a'gyrato'ry crusher having a head and means for gyrating it, abowl structure including an outer generally cylindrical portion and aninner generally conic portion, a liner for the bowl opposed to the innerface of said conic portion and including a generally conic body, andmeans for locking the liner in relation to the bowl, in-, cluding athread element outwardly extending from an upper portion of the liner,and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowl and extending aboutthe exterior of the liner and having a thread in mesh with the thread ofthe liner, said bowl structure being pro vided with a shelf adapted toreceive the lower face of said nut, said nut being located adjacent butexterior to the upper portion of the liner, means for rotating said nutbodily in relation; to bowl and liner and for thereby exertingcompression against the liner, means for locking the nut againstundesired rotation in relation to the bowl, and a unitary hopperstructure mounted upon and upwardly removable from the bowl and liner,said hopper structure being adapted to serve as a cover plate for thespace between the upper edge of the liner and the outer cylindricalmember of the bowl.

18. In a gyratory crusherhaving a head and means for gyrating it, a bowlstructure including an outer generally cylindrical portion and an innergenerally conic portion, a liner for the bowl opposed to the inner faceof said conic portion and including a generally conic body, and meansfor locking the liner in relation to the bowl, including a threadelement outwardly extending from an upper portion of the liner, and alocking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowl and extending about theexterior of the liner and having a thread in mesh with the thread of theliner, said bowl structure being provided with a shelf adapted toreceive the lower face of said nut, said nut being located adjacent butexterior to the upper portion of the liner, means for rotating said nutbodily in relation to bowl and liner and for thereby exertingcompression against the liner, means for locking the nut againstundesired rotation in relation to the bowl, including a locking memberadapted to interpenetrate simultaneously with the bowl structure and thenut, and a unitary hopper structure mounted upon and upwardly removablefrom the bowl and liner, said hopper structure being adapted to serve asa cover plate for the space he-- bowl, including a screw threadedelement outwardly extending from an upper portion of the liner, and alocking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowl and extending about theexterior of the liner and having a thread in mesh with the thread of theliner, said opposed threads extending about an angle of the order of 360degrees each, means for rotating said nut bodily in relation to saidbowl and liner and for thereby exerting compression against the liner,and means for locking said nut against rotation in relation to saidbowl.

20. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means forgyrating the head, a liner for the bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion of the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior of the liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, said opposed threads extending aboutan angle of the order of 360 degrees each, the opposed faces of saidthreads being generally perpendicular to the vertical axis of the bowl,meansfor rotating said nut bodily in relation-to said bowl and liner andfor thereby exerting compression against the liner, and means forlocking said nut against rotation in relation to said bowl.

21. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means-forgyrating the head, a'liner for the bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion of the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior-of the liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, the thread of the liner being ofsufllcient radial extension in. relation to its vertical root thicknessto permit a measure of distortion under crushing stress, the clearancebetween such thread and the opposed thread of the locking nut beingsufficient to permit a substantial degree or distortion without binding,the liner being formed of a metal having the characteristics ofmanganese steel, so far as relates to deformation or peening underimpact or pressure.

22. In a gyratory crusher having a bowl and a head, and means forgyrating the head, a liner for the bowl, including a generally conicbody, and means for locking the liner in relation to said bowl,including a screw threaded element outwardly extending from an upperportion 01 the liner, and a locking nut rotatably mounted upon said bowland extending about the exterior of the liner and having a thread inmesh with the thread of the liner, the thread 01' the liner being ofsumcient radial extension in relation to its vertical root thickness topermit a measure of distortion under crushing stress, the clearancebetween such thread and the opposed thread of the locking nut beingsuflici'ent to permit a substantial degree of distortion withoutbinding, the liner being formed of a metal having the characteristics 01man anese steel, so far as relates to deformation or peening underimpact or pressure, there being a substantial clearance between theupper face of the thread on the bowl and the lower face of the thread onthe nut.

23. A wearing member for gyratory crushers and the like which comprisesa body of metal having the characteristics or manganese steel as topeening under impact, said body being in the form of a hollow truncatedcone, and having an integrally formed thread extending outwardly from anupper portion of the body, said thread, being of reduced thicknesslaterally from its root,

the radial extension or the thread being sunicient,

in relation to the thickness or the thread and the material of which itisiormed, to permit a ilexure of the thread in response to the tendencyof the body to peen under crushing stress, said thread extending aboutan arc of the order or 360 degrees.

24. A wearing member for gyratory crushers and the like which comprisesa body or metal having the characteristics of manganese steel as topeening under impact, said body being in the form of a hollow truncatedcone, and having an integrally formed thread extending laterally from anupper portion of the body, said thread being of reduced thicknesslaterally from its root, the radial extension of the thread beingsuilicient, in relation to the thickness of the thread and the materialof which it is formed, to permit a flexure oi. the thread in response tothe tendency of the body to peen under crushing stress, said threadextending about an arc of the order of 360 degrees.

- OSCAR (I. GRUENDER.

